双曲线神经网络由于对几个图形问题的有希望的结果，包括节点分类和链接预测，因此最近引起了极大的关注。取得成功的主要原因是双曲空间在捕获图数据集的固有层次结构方面的有效性。但是，在非层次数据集方面，它们在概括，可伸缩性方面受到限制。在本文中，我们对双曲线网络进行了完全正交的观点。我们使用Poincar \'e磁盘对双曲线几何形状进行建模，并将其视为磁盘本身是原始的切线空间。这使我们能够用欧几里院近似替代非尺度的M \“ Obius Gyrovector操作，因此将整个双曲线模型简化为具有双曲线归一化功能的欧几里得模型。它仍然在Riemannian歧管中起作用，因此我们称其为伪poincar \'e框架。我们将非线性双曲线归一化应用于当前的最新均质和多关系图网络，与欧几里得和双曲线对应物相比，性能的显着改善。这项工作的主要影响在于其在欧几里得空间中捕获层次特征的能力，因此可以替代双曲线网络而不会损失性能指标，同时利用欧几里得网络的功能，例如可解释性和有效执行各种模型组件。

From smoothly pursuing moving objects to rapidly shifting gazes during visual search, humans employ a wide variety of eye movement strategies in different contexts. While eye movements provide a rich window into mental processes, building generative models of eye movements is notoriously difficult, and to date the computational objectives guiding eye movements remain largely a mystery. In this work, we tackled these problems in the context of a canonical spatial planning task, maze-solving. We collected eye movement data from human subjects and built deep generative models of eye movements using a novel differentiable architecture for gaze fixations and gaze shifts. We found that human eye movements are best predicted by a model that is optimized not to perform the task as efficiently as possible but instead to run an internal simulation of an object traversing the maze. This not only provides a generative model of eye movements in this task but also suggests a computational theory for how humans solve the task, namely that humans use mental simulation.

The outburst of COVID-19 in late 2019 was the start of a health crisis that shook the world and took millions of lives in the ensuing years. Many governments and health officials failed to arrest the rapid circulation of infection in their communities. The long incubation period and the large proportion of asymptomatic cases made COVID-19 particularly elusive to track. However, wastewater monitoring soon became a promising data source in addition to conventional indicators such as confirmed daily cases, hospitalizations, and deaths. Despite the consensus on the effectiveness of wastewater viral load data, there is a lack of methodological approaches that leverage viral load to improve COVID-19 forecasting. This paper proposes using deep learning to automatically discover the relationship between daily confirmed cases and viral load data. We trained one Deep Temporal Convolutional Networks (DeepTCN) and one Temporal Fusion Transformer (TFT) model to build a global forecasting model. We supplement the daily confirmed cases with viral loads and other socio-economic factors as covariates to the models. Our results suggest that TFT outperforms DeepTCN and learns a better association between viral load and daily cases. We demonstrated that equipping the models with the viral load improves their forecasting performance significantly. Moreover, viral load is shown to be the second most predictive input, following the containment and health index. Our results reveal the feasibility of training a location-agnostic deep-learning model to capture the dynamics of infection diffusion when wastewater viral load data is provided.

Single-cell sequencing assay for transposase-accessible chromatin (scATAC-seq) assesses genome-wide chromatin accessibility in thousands of cells to reveal regulatory landscapes in high resolutions. However, the analysis presents challenges due to the high dimensionality and sparsity of the data. Several methods have been developed, including transformation techniques of term-frequency inverse-document frequency (TF-IDF), dimension reduction methods such as singular value decomposition (SVD), factor analysis, and autoencoders. Yet, a comprehensive study on the mentioned methods has not been fully performed. It is not clear what is the best practice when analyzing scATAC-seq data. We compared several scenarios for transformation and dimension reduction as well as the SVD-based feature analysis to investigate potential enhancements in scATAC-seq information retrieval. Additionally, we investigate if autoencoders benefit from the TF-IDF transformation. Our results reveal that the TF-IDF transformation generally leads to improved clustering and biologically relevant feature extraction.

This work concerns developing communication- and computation-efficient methods for large-scale multiple testing over networks, which is of interest to many practical applications. We take an asymptotic approach and propose two methods, proportion-matching and greedy aggregation, tailored to distributed settings. The proportion-matching method achieves the global BH performance yet only requires a one-shot communication of the (estimated) proportion of true null hypotheses as well as the number of p-values at each node. By focusing on the asymptotic optimal power, we go beyond the BH procedure by providing an explicit characterization of the asymptotic optimal solution. This leads to the greedy aggregation method that effectively approximate the optimal rejection regions at each node, while computation-efficiency comes from the greedy-type approach naturally. Extensive numerical results over a variety of challenging settings are provided to support our theoretical findings.

当网络条件恶化时，视频会议系统的用户体验差，因为当前的视频编解码器根本无法在极低的比特率下运行。最近，已经提出了几种神经替代方案，可以使用每个框架的稀疏表示，例如面部地标信息，以非常低的比特率重建说话的头视频。但是，这些方法在通话过程中具有重大运动或遮挡的情况下会产生不良的重建，并且不会扩展到更高的分辨率。我们设计了Gemino，这是一种基于新型高频条件超分辨率管道的新型神经压缩系统，用于视频会议。 Gemino根据从单个高分辨率参考图像中提取的信息来增强高频细节（例如，皮肤纹理，头发等），为每个目标框架的一个非常低分辨率的版本（例如，皮肤纹理，头发等）。我们使用多尺度体系结构，该体系结构在不同的分辨率下运行模型的不同组件，从而使其扩展到可与720p相当的分辨率，并且我们个性化模型以学习每个人的特定细节，在低比特率上实现了更好的保真度。我们在AIORTC上实施了Gemino，这是WEBRTC的开源Python实现，并表明它在A100 GPU上实时在1024x1024视频上运行，比比特率的比特率低于传统的视频Codecs，以相同的感知质量。

kronecker回归是一个高度结构的最小二乘问题$ \ min _ {\ mathbf {x}}} \ lvert \ mathbf {k} \ mathbf {x} - \ mathbf {b} \ rvert_ \ rvert_ {2}^2 $矩阵$ \ mathbf {k} = \ mathbf {a}^{（1）} \ otimes \ cdots \ cdots \ otimes \ mathbf {a}^{（n）} $是因子矩阵的Kronecker产品。这种回归问题是在广泛使用的最小二乘（ALS）算法的每个步骤中都出现的，用于计算张量的塔克分解。我们介绍了第一个用于求解Kronecker回归的子次数算法，以避免在运行时间中避免指数项$ o（\ varepsilon^{ - n}）$的$（1+ \ varepsilon）$。我们的技术结合了利用分数抽样和迭代方法。通过扩展我们对一个块是Kronecker产品的块设计矩阵的方法，我们还实现了（1）Kronecker Ridge回归的亚次级时间算法，并且（2）更新ALS中Tucker分解的因子矩阵，这不是一个不是一个纯Kronecker回归问题，从而改善了Tucker ALS的所有步骤的运行时间。我们证明了该Kronecker回归算法在合成数据和现实世界图像张量上的速度和准确性。

由于交通的固有复杂性和不确定性，自主驾驶决策是一项具有挑战性的任务。例如，相邻的车辆可能随时改变其车道或超越，以通过慢速车辆或帮助交通流量。预期周围车辆的意图，估算其未来状态并将其整合到自动化车辆的决策过程中，可以提高复杂驾驶场景中自动驾驶的可靠性。本文提出了一种基于预测的深入强化学习（PDRL）决策模型，该模型在公路驾驶决策过程中考虑了周围车辆的操纵意图。该模型是使用真实流量数据训练的，并通过模拟平台在各种交通条件下进行了测试。结果表明，与深入的增强学习（DRL）模型相比，提出的PDRL模型通过减少碰撞数量来改善决策绩效，从而导致更安全的驾驶。

腹主动脉瘤（AAA）是一种血管疾病，其中主动脉的一部分肿大，削弱其壁并可能破裂血管。腹部超声已用于诊断，但由于其图像质量和操作员的依赖性有限，通常需要进行CT扫描进行监测和治疗计划。最近，腹部CT数据集已成功用于训练深神经网络以进行自动主动脉分割。因此，可以利用从这项解决的任务中收集的知识来改善我们的AAA诊断和监测分段。为此，我们提出了Cactuss：一种常见的解剖CT-US空间，它是CT和美国模式之间的虚拟桥梁，以实现自动AAA筛选超声检查。仙人掌利用公开可用的标记数据来学习基于从美国和CT继承属性的中介表示。我们在此新表示中训练分割网络，并采用附加的图像到图像翻译网络，使我们的模型能够在真实的B模式图像上执行。与完全监督的方法进行的定量比较证明了在骰子评分和诊断指标方面的能力，这表明我们的方法还满足了AAA扫描和诊断的临床要求。

土壤侵蚀是对世界各地环境和长期土地管理的重大威胁。人类活动加速的土壤侵蚀会造成陆地和水生生态系统的极端变化，这在现场阶段（30-m）的当前和可能的未来没有得到充分的调查/预测。在这里，我们使用三种替代方案（2.6、4.5和8.5）估计/预测通过水侵蚀（薄板和RILL侵蚀）的土壤侵蚀速率，共享社会经济途径和代表性浓度途径（SSP-RCP）情景。田间尺度的土壤侵蚀模型（FSSLM）估计依赖于由卫星和基于图像的土地使用和土地覆盖的估计（LULC）集成的高分辨率（30-m）G2侵蚀模型，对长期降水量的规范观察，以及耦合模型比较项目阶段6（CMIP6）的方案。基线模型（2020年）估计土壤侵蚀速率为2.32 mg HA 1年1年，具有当前的农业保护实践（CPS）。当前CPS的未来情况表明，在气候和LULC变化的SSP-RCP方案的不同组合下，增加了8％至21％。 2050年的土壤侵蚀预测表明，所有气候和LULC场景都表明极端事件的增加或极端空间位置的变化很大程度上从南部到美国东部和东北地区。